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Science of Sound in the Sea
What is sound?
What is sound?
How do you characterize sounds?
Intensity
Frequency
Wavelength
How are sounds made?
How does sound move?
How fast does sound travel?
Why does sound get weaker as it moves?
Sound spreading
Sound absorption
How does sound move?
Reflection
Refraction
Scattering
How does sound travel long distances? The SOFAR Channel.
History of the SOFAR Channel
Sound Speed Minimum
Sound Travel in the SOFAR Channel
Sound Channel Variability
How is sound measured?
How is sound measured?
What units are used to measure sound?
How are sounds viewed and analyzed?
What sounds can we hear?
Sounds in the Sea
How do people and animals use sound in the sea?
Sonar
Echolocation
Why do sounds have certain properties?
What are common underwater sounds?
How does sound in air differ from sound in water?
Advanced Topics
Introduction to Decibels
Introduction to Signal Levels
Cylindrical vs. Spherical Spreading
SONAR Equation
Scientific Method
Scientific Uncertainty
People and Sound in the Sea
"How is sound used to":
Navigation
navigate underwater?
measure water depth?
find objects on the bottom of the ocean?
Fishing
locate fish?
identify fish?
measure plankton?
Communication
communicate underwater?
transmit data underwater?
Research & Exploration
measure temperature in the ocean?
measure global climate change?
measure currents in the ocean?
study the Earth's history?
explore for oil and gas?
study marine mammal distribution?
study undersea earthquakes and volcanic eruptions?
study the distribution of marine fishes?
Defense
find submarines?
monitor nuclear testing?
diagnose health problems using defense technologies?
Advanced Topics
Scientific Method
Scientific Uncertainty
Animals and Sound in the Sea
Importance of Sound
Why is sound important to marine animals?
Use of Sound
How do marine animals communicate using sound?
How do marine animals use or make sound when feeding?
How do marine animals use sound to navigate?
Sound Production & Reception
How do marine animals produce sounds?
How do marine animals hear sounds?
Effects of Sound
What are the effects of anthropogenic sound on marine animals?
Marine Mammals
Behavioral Changes
Masking
Hearing Loss
Strandings
Fish
Behavioral Changes
Hearing Loss
Physiological Stress
How do you measure a marine mammal's reaction to sound?
Hearing Sensitivity Studies
Visual Observations
Acoustic Monitoring
Tagging Studies
Controlled Exposure Experiments
How do you determine if a sound affects a marine animal?
How can we moderate or eliminate the effects of human activities?
Advanced Topics
Scientific Method
Temporary Threshold Shift (TTS) Studies
Hearing Loss
Scientific Uncertainty
Audio Gallery
Marine Mammals:
Baleen Whales:
Blue Whale
Bowhead Whale
Fin Whale
Gray Whale
Humpback Whale
Minke Whale
Right Whale
Toothed Whales:
Amazon River Dolphin
Beluga Whale
Bottlenose Dolphin
Common Dolphin
False Killer Whale
Killer Whale
Pilot Whale
Risso's Dolphin
Sperm Whale
Spinner Dolphin
White-sided Dolphin
Pinnipeds:
Bearded Seal
California Sea Lion
Harbor Seal
Hawaiian Monk Seal
Northern Fur Seal
Ringed Seal
Walrus
Weddell Seal
Sirenians:
Manatee
Marine Invertebrates:
Spiny Lobster
Snapping Shrimp
Fishes:
Atlantic Croaker
Bar Jack
Barred Grunt
Bigeye Scad
Black Drum
Bluestriped Grunt
Dusky Damselfish
Garibaldi
Longhorn Sculpin
Northern Seahorse
Oyster Toadfish
Rock Hind
Sand Seatrout
Spotted Seatrout
Sea Catfish
Silver Perch
Stoplight Parrotfish
Striped Searobin
Weakfish
Other Natural Sounds:
Earthquake
Ice cracking
Lightning
Rainfall
Waves on Beach
Anthropogenic Sounds:
Airgun
ATOC Transmission
Ocean Acoustic Tomography Transmission
Outboard Motor
Ship
Sonar
Surveillance Towed Array Sensor System Low Frequency Active (SURTASS LFA) Sonar
Torpedo
Scientist Gallery
Ocean Currents
Dr. Thomas Rossby
Watch Interview
More about the Research
Obstacle Avoidance
Dr. Jim Miller
Watch Interview
More about the Research
Foraging Behavior
Dr. Kelly Benoit-Bird
Watch Interview
More about the Research
Dolphin Sound Production
Dr. Whitlow Au
Watch Interview
More about the Research
Marine Mammal Hearing
Dr. Darlene Ketten
Watch Interview
More about the Research
Technology Gallery
Basic Technology
Hydrophone/ Receiver
Hydrophone Arrays
Projecter (sound source)
Projector Array
Acoustic Release
Observing the Sea Floor
Airgun
Echo Sounder
Echo Sounder-Multibeam
Side Scan Sonar
Sub-bottom Profiler
Observing Ocean Currents & Temperature
Acoustic Current Meters
ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler)
RAFOS Floats
Acoustic Tomograhic Mooring
Inverted Echo Sounders
SOFAR Floats
Locating Objects by Listening to Their Sounds
Sound Surveillance System (SOSUS)
Low frequency analysis and ranging (LOFAR) sonobuoy
Directional frequency and ranging (DIFAR) sonobuoy
Acoustic Datalogging Systems
Locating Objects Using Sonar
Sonar
Surveillance Towed Array Sensor System Low Frequency Active (SURTASS LFA) Sonar
Observing Fish
Acoustic Fish Tags
Fish Finding Sonar
Communication
Acoustic Modem
Navigation
Acoustic Transponders
Glossary
A - Z listings of important site terminology
Teacher Resources & Web Links
Classroom Activities:
A Cup of Sound
Are We Hearing the Same Thing?
Cavitation, Anyone?
Do You Hear What I Hear? or Do Ocean Animals Produce and Use Sound Like We Do?
How to Build a Hydrophone
Humpback Whales: The Great Communicator of the Sea
"In Other Words" or How Do Dolphins Sense Their Environment?
On the Trail of a Whale
Thinking Inside the Box
Useful Resources
Science of Sound in the Sea
People and Sound in the Sea
Animals and Sound in the Sea
Audio Gallery
Technology Gallery
Tutorials
Science Tutorial
Effects Tutorial
Media Resources
Facts & Myths
Frequently Asked Questions
DOSITS Publications
DOSITS Booklet
DOSITS Brochure
Feature Sounds
Acoustic Thermometry of Ocean Climate (ATOC)
Belugas
Bottlenose Dolphin
Haunting Refrains
Lightning Striking the Sea
My Life as a Raindrop
Ship Noise
Snapping Shrimp
Sounds from Below
Waves
PowerPoints Designed for Educators (zipped files)
Name That Sound
DOSITS Jeopardy I
Media Resources
Resources for the Media
Facts & Myths
Frequently Asked Questions
Tutorials
Science Tutorial
Effects Tutorial
DOSITS publications
DOSITS Booklet
DOSITS Brochure
Power Points for Educators
Name That Sound
DOSITS Jeopardy I
Student Resources
Tutorials
Science Tutorial
Effects Tutorial
Resources
Facts & Myths
Frequently Asked Questions
Feature Sounds
Acoustic Thermometry of Ocean Climate (ATOC)
Belugas
Bottlenose Dolphin
Haunting Refrains
Lightning Striking the Sea
My Life as a Raindrop
Ship Noise
Snapping Shrimp
Sounds from Below
Waves
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