Animals and Sound in the Sea

Effects of Sound

What are the effects of anthropogenic sound on fish?

Hearing Loss: References
  • Hastings, M.C. and Popper, A.N. 2005. Effects of Sound on Fish. Technical report for Jones and Stokes to California Department of Transportation, Sacramento, CA. Available at http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/env/bio/files/Effects_of_Sound_on_Fish23Aug05.pdf (1)
  • Hastings, M.C., Popper, A.N., Finneran, J.J. and Lanford, P.J. 1996. Effects of low-frequency underwater sound on hair cells of the inner ear and lateral line of the teleost fish Astronotus ocellatus. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 99(3): 1759-1766. (8)
  • Lombarte, A., and Popper, A.N. 1994. Quantitative analyses of postembryonic hair cell addition in the otolithic endorgans of the inner ear of the European hake, Merluccius merluccius (Gadiformes, Teleostei). Journal of Comparative Neurology 345: 419-428. (12)
  • Lombarte, A., Yan, H.Y., Popper, A.N., Chang, J.C., and Platt, C. 1993. Damage and regeneration of hair cell ciliary bundles in a fish ear following treatment with gentamicin. Hearing Research 66: 166-174. (11)
  • McCauley, R.D., Fewtrell, J. and Popper, A.N. 2003. High intensity anthropogenic sound damages fish ears. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 113(1): 638-642. (9)
  • Popper, A.N., and Hoxter, B. 1984. Growth of a fish ear: 1. Quantitative analysis of sensory hair cell and ganglion cell proliferation. Hearing Research 15: 133142. (10)
  • Popper, A.N., Fewtrell, J., Smith, M.E. and McCauley, R.D. 2003/04. Anthropogenic sound: Effects on the behavior and physiology of fishes. Marine Technology Society Journal 37(4): 35-40. (2)
  • Popper, A.N., Smith, M.E., Cott, P.A., Hanna, B.W., MacGillivray, A.O., Austin, M.E., and Mann, D.A. 2005. Effects of exposure to seismic airgun use on hearing of three fish species. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117(6): 3958-3971. (7)
  • Scholik, A.R. and Yan, H.Y. 2001. Effects of underwater noise on auditory sensitivity of a cyprinid fish. Hearing Research 152: 17-24. (5)
  • Scholik, A.R. and Yan, H.Y. 2002. Effects of boat engine noise on the auditory sensitivity of the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas. Environmental Biology of Fishes 63: 203-209. (3)
  • Smith, M.E., Kane, A.S. and Popper, A.N. 2004a. Acoustical stress and hearing sensitivity in fishes: does the linear threshold shift hypothesis hold water? Journal of Experimental Biology 207: 3591-3602. (6)
  • Smith, M.E., Kane, A.S. and Popper, A.N. 2004b. Noise-induced stress response and hearing loss in goldfish (Carassius auratus). Journal of Experimental Biology 207: 427-435. (4)